高二英语学习方法：掌握猜词技巧 提升阅读能力(2)

　　四、对比结构

　　寻找文中相互对比、相互对照的线索来确定生词的含义。

　　在此类文章中，通常会出现一些表示意义转折、对比的词语：however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while, unlike, not, although, yet, despite, in spite of, in contrast, etc.

　　例一： A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.

　　根据句法结构可知the adept workers和 the unskilled ones.为对比关系，意义相反。由the unskilled ones可推出the adept workers为熟练工人。

　　例二：Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.

　　通过but我们知道abhor是like的反义词，意为“厌恶”。

　　五、并列平行结构

　　它表示意义上的并列或相似关系。表示并列关系的词语为and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.

　　例一：A child’s birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.

　　分号前后为两个并列平行的分句，后一句意为“生日聚会可以充满快乐、乐趣”，我们可以推测hassle意为“混乱”。

　　例二：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.

　　baffled 和beaten为并列平行关系，根据beaten可以推测出baffled意为“难倒，使受挫，阻碍”之意。

　　例三：John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.

　　根据and和similarly判定短语loves to talk 和loquacious.之间为同义比较，意为“健谈的”。

　　六、因果关系

　　它也是推测词义的一种重要方式。我们可以通过结果推测原因，亦可通过原因推测结果。

　　例句：The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.

　　根据原因状语从句和homesick本身的构词方法，我们推断它的词义为“想家的”。

　　七、举例法

　　即通过生词后面所举的例子来推断生词的含义。

　　例句：In this reading room, you can find almost all periodicals in China, such as: The World of English, Foreign Language in School, English Learning or Readers.

　　我们根据后面所举的例子，不难推断出periodicals是“期刊”之意。