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2012年北京海淀区高三一模英语试题解析(5)

来源:新东方 2012-04-10 14:13:25

[标签:高三 试题 英语]

  阅读理解

  A

  How do you feel about watching other people work?

  Nothing is more refreshing on a warm summer day than watching someone else work.

  Right now, I’m sitting on my porch and watching young Beth baling (打捆) the big field on top of the hill. She’s been haying that field for over ten years. I know: I put her on the tractor when she was just twelve years old.

  She picked a great day for baling. It’s not too hot, and there’s a nice breeze. On Monday, when she cut the field, it was so hot I thought the corn would start popping in the field. Didn’t stop her, though. She just stuck that big hat on her head, wrapped a wet handkerchief around her neck, and set to work. I remember when I would have done the same thing.

  While I’m here sucking a lemonade, Beth is driving the “hay (干草) train”, a tractor pulling a baler and an old wagon. You’d think someone her size would never be able to see over the tractor. But somehow she manages. When she’s finished, her tracks are very straight.

  The whole time she’s haying, that dog of hers is working just as hard, running along beside her like he’s afraid she’ll drive away without him. Beth sure knew what she was doing when she trained him.

  The way the machine works is pure poetry. Each row is pushed into shape. When just enough hay is in a bale, it is wrapped up and fastened together. A second or so later, the bale comes flying out and into the old wagon. The person who invented that machine sure was some kind of genius.

  That’s not to say it works perfectly. Every once in a while a bale misses the mark, especially when you are turning the machine at the end of a row. That means, of course, that you have to go back and pick up those bales and throw them into the wagon.

  I can remember when Beth’s mother was her age. She looked an awful lot like Beth does now. Makes a man proud to see his daughter and granddaughter taking such good care of themselves.

  Well, I suppose I should get up and fill this glass again. Not much fun sitting here with an empty glass.

  56. We can learn from the passage that at some time in the past the author __________.

  A. bought the tractor for Beth

  B. forced Beth to work at an early age

  C. worked in the field like Beth

  D. trained the dog to help Beth work

  答案:C

  细节题。文章第二段中提到的twelve years old对应题目中的in the past。从put her on the tractor及第三段的最后一句可以推断出作者当时在地里工作,所以选择C。A选项购买的信息在这里没有提到,B选项是负态度,所以排除。D选项dog的相关信息出现在文章第五段,不但细节内容不对,而且作为第一道细节题位置上也不甚合理。

  57. In the eyes of the author, the sight of Beth baling hay is __________.

  A. uncommon

  B. beautiful

  C. unforgettable

  D. changeable

  答案:B

  细节题。根据文章开头的refreshing及第六段开头的pure poetry,可以了解整篇文章的正态度,所以排除A选项和D选项的中性词。C选项虽然也为正态度,但一般用于事件结束之后,而不用在过程中,所以排除。

  58. Before thrown into the wagon, the hay must be __________.

  A. tied up

  B. dried up

  C. cut up

  D. lined up

  答案:A

  细节题。文章第六段的第三句话提到题目的into the old wagon。前面的it is wrapped up and fastened together可以选出同义改写选项A。注意a second or so later体现题目中要求的先后顺序。另外请注意细节题一般情况下文题顺序一致,这样可以减少确定答案位置所需的时间。

  59. Who do you think is telling this story?

  A. Beth’s mother.

  B. Beth’s father.

  C. Beth’s grandmother.

  D. Beth’s grandfather.

  答案:D

  细节题。根据文章倒数第二段的his daughter and granddaughter直接判断,没有任何难度。

  B

  If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.

  While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highways last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.

  Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.

  You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!

  Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are susceptible (easily influenced) to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.

  60. The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that __________.

  A. one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them

  B. the media created the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago

  C. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months

  D. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings

  答案:C

  推断题。议论文题目必然和文章主旨有直接关联。整篇文章讲述关于Road Rage行车安全的相关问题,所以排除完全无关的A选项和D选项。B选项的重点是media,C选项的重点是Road Rage,所以选C选项,与文章内容直接相关。

  61. The underlined word “spell” in Para. 3 means __________.

  A. relieve

  B. cause

  C. spread

  D. prevent

  答案:B

  词汇题。所有词汇题的思路与完形填空解题思路完全一致。这里提问动词,动作发出者是these factors,即前文中提到的stress压力、anxiety焦虑和temper脾气,动作承受者是Road Rage,所以答案为B,压力、焦虑和脾气造成Road Rage的现象。

  62. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?

  A. Talking while driving.

  B. Driving at high speed.

  C. Sounding the horn when passing.

  D. Shouting at another driver.

  答案:D

  细节题。直接对应文章第四段的细节,选出D选项应该不难。C选项的细节原文中还有程度描述long and hard,A选项和B选项则没有提到,所以排除。

  63. The last paragraph is intended to __________. []

  A. tell people how to deal with Road Rage

  B. inform people how aggressive drivers could be

  C. show people how to control themselves when angry

  D. warn people against eye contact with another driver

  答案:A

  细节题。议论文中只有两方面重要:作者论点和作者建议。60题提问作者论点,63题则提问作者建议。根据文章最后一段there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict,可以选出A选项。注意文章最后一段不但提到了如何抑制自己的愤怒,还有如何应对对方的愤怒,所以C选项和D选项是片面的。

  C

  Security – for the information on your smartphone, as well as for the phone itself – is a hot topic these days. The truth is that you’re packing a lot of sensitive information on your phone, and you should keep it safe.

  When it comes to physical security, iPhone users would do well to download Find My iPhone, a free app (application program) from Apple that allows you to visit a website and see your (lost, stolen or misplaced) phone on a map. You can then sound an alarm, send a message that will pop up on its screen, lock the phone or erase all your data.

  Android does not have an exact equivalent, but there are plenty of alternatives. A free app called Lookout offers the find-my-phone feature. The paid version allows you to wipe the data from your phone remotely.

  Then there is your coffee shop’s WiFi network. Anyone with minimal technical expert skill can snoop on (窥视) people using shared wireless networks, harvesting passwords and other personal data. Lookout’s apps will caution you when you’ve logged on to an unsecure network, but cannot protect you once you’re there.

  In order to protect yourself on such networks, you can use a virtual private network, or V.P.N. This turns all your activity into nonsense to anyone trying to read along with you from across the Starbucks. It also keeps websites from tracking you and, if you’re traveling, allows you to get access to sites that may be blocked in other countries.

  If you have an iPhone, the simplest V.P.N. app is probably Hotspot Shield, whose distinguishing feature is said to be that it automatically kicks in each time you start browsing (浏览), as opposed to other V.P.N. apps that require you to start them up manually. This matters, because even if you decide you want a V.P.N. app, you want to spend approximately zero time thinking about it. For the most part, that was true of Hotspot Shield, though occasionally it took a while to connect or temporarily lost connection without warning. I found myself having to turn the app on and off sometimes, which involved setting my phone constantly.

  If even reading about the settings on your phone drives you crazy, then it is probably best to stay away from a V.P.N. app. But if you’re the type who can’t resist checking your bank balance from your corner bar, the hassle may be preferable to the risk.

  64. Which of the following can warn you against the unsecure network?

  A. Android.

  B. V.P.N.

  C. Lookout.

  D. Find My iPhone.

  答案:C

  细节题。直接对应几个专有名词去文章里寻找即可。答案在文章第四段末尾,没有难度。注意后面就V.P.N.进行专门提问,所以此题B选项可能性就不大。

  65. By using V.P.N., users can __________.

  A. find their lost phone on the Internet

  B. erase all the data from the phone remotely

  C. check their bank balance now and then

  D. save their browsing from being tracked

  答案:D

  细节题。C选项是文章最后提到的一个例子,并非文章重点强调的手机安全问题,所以排除。A选项是Find My iPhone的作用,B选项是Lookout的作用,所以排除。此篇文章为应用文,所以题目难度不高。不过话说回来,考学生这个题材的文章,命题者是也对GFW相当不满么?VPN都来了,翻墙也不远了吧。

  66. The underlined word “that” in Para. 6 refers to the fact that __________.

  A. a V.P.N. app kicks in automatically

  B. the user starts V.P.N. apps manually

  C. the app takes a while to connect

  D. users spend no time thinking about it

  答案:A

  细节题。此题比较容易误选成D选项,因为临近位置有类似信息,但是注意文章中spend approximately zero time与选项spend no time的区别。D选项出现极端表述no,需要特别注意。本段的重要信息在第一句中就直接交代了,即软件的自动启动功能,所以答案为A选项。此题表面上考that的词汇知识,实际上考察的是第六段的段义。

  D

  Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.

  Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.

  Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.

  The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.

  To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach.

  67. It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.

  A. foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit

  B. we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods

  C. it is essential for people to protect their vital organs

  D. giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle

  答案:A

  推断题。说明文的题目一定和文章的说明对象有直接关系,所以做题之前了解本文的说明对象有重要意义,即raw and whole foods好、cooked and refined foods不好。而第二段中指出,natural enzymes是raw food中重要的成分,好处是什么,破坏了以后坏处是什么。所以根据这样的思路,答案为A选项。注意中文注释再次发挥极为重要的作用。

  68. Processed foods are unhealthy because they __________.

  A. destroy body’s cells

  B. may lead to obesity

  C. are difficult to digest

  D. stop body’s metabolism

  答案:B

  细节题。第三段一开始提到问题中的processed food,所以答案可以轻易的定位至第三段。此段一直提到各种负态度描述,所以关注最后一句的the result is weight gain and obesity,可以很容易的选出答案B选项。此段文章内容非常不好理解,但是把握阅读理解的要求,关注文章中的重点信息,题目其实并不难。如何在短时间内发掘文章中的重点信息,不受大量冗余信息干扰再次很重要,这是阅读理解考察的主要方向。

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