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您现在的位置:首页 > 高考资源网 > 高中试卷 > 高三英语练习题 > 每周一练:定语从句(一)

每周一练:定语从句(一)

来源:智康1对1 2014-10-28 11:30:22

  一、定语从句的形式

  1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

  2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫,短语或句子叫先行词。

  3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

  关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。

  关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

  例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中,who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。

  二、关系词的选择

  1.选用哪个关系词,关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分

  含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分:主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词,要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分,而不是看先行词是什么词性。

  句1:He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.

  句2:He worked in the factory where his father had worked.

  句3:I like the school which is near to my home.

  句4:I like the school where my sister studies.

  在句1和句2中,先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的;

  在句3和句4中,先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。

  因此,我们可以看出,对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。

  在句1和句3中,关系词在定语从句中都是作主语,因此用的都是关系代词which;

  在句2和句4中,关系词在定语从句中都是作状语,因此都是用关系副词where。

  我们可以看出,用哪个关系词,主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。

  2. 选用关系词的方法:一“找”二“还”三“替换”

  找:就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。

  还:根据先行词提示的意思,大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。(可以添词)

  替换:用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分,作主语和宾语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词。(时间状语用when,地点状语用where, 原因状语用why)(同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似,该用what的时候用which/that即可)

  例如:

  This is the school ______ I once studied.

  This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.

  I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches English.

  找:(略)

  还原:根据先行词的提示,这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为:

  I once studied at the school.

  The school is the most famous in the city.

  My father teaches English at the school.

  粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。

  替换:根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则,1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。

  因此,答案为:1.where;2. that/which;3. Where

  3. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首

  The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

  A. in it    B. in      C. in that    D. in which

  答案与分析:A没有关系词,不能连接两句话;C介词后不能用that;D关系词一般不位于句末;而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。

  三、关系代词

  关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语和定语

  注意1:只能用that不用which或者who的情况:先行词前有下列词出现时只能用that

  “第一个最好的特指人物吗?不一定,有疑问。”

  注意2:只能用which或者who不用that的情况:

  1)有介词时,介词+which (介词只能与which/whom连用)

  2)在非限定定语从句(有逗号的定语从句)

  3)先行词为that/those时:What’s that which is floating on the river?

  四、综合练习

  (一)把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:

  1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  4. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  11. John is a very kind-hearted man. You can turn to him for help.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  12. The book is written by that famous writer. I am very interested in it.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  13. Tom is the boy. I went to the cinema with him together.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  14. Have you remembered the factory? We worked in it last year.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  15. It is the gold diamond. I spent all my money on it.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  16. The old Olympic Games could date back to 776 BC. The modern games come from it.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  17. I have nine friends in America. Four of them work as doctors.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  18. The woman has just won a gold medal. I read about her in the newspaper.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  19. The house is 7 kilometers away. I was born in it.

  ____________________________________________________________________

  20.This is the very farm. My father used to work on it.

  _______________________________________________________________

  (二)翻译句子

  1.这就是救了孩子生命的医生

  ____________________________________________________________________

  2.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生

  ____________________________________________________________________

  3.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。

  ____________________________________________________________________


  4.汤姆买的小说很有意思。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  5.你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗?

  ____________________________________________________________________

  6.那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  7.那辆坏了轮胎的自行车现在已经修好了。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  8.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  9.我想看那些刚上映的电影。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  10.他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事,谈了大约有半个小时。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  11.我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  12.有什么我可以帮助做的事吗?

  ____________________________________________________________________

  13.我把你需要的东西都拿来了。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  14.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

  ____________________________________________________________________

  15.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆

  ____________________________________________________________________

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