2019年高考一轮复习英语知识点:介词的用法
来源:网络资源 2018-10-20 23:28:19
介词的用法 |
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表示时间的介词 |
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in |
指在较长的一段时间内,后接大于一天的时间单位名词。 eg: in August/ in 2015/ in winter/ in the 21st century/ in his life |
后接时间段,如果用于将来时,译为“…之后”。如果用于一般过去时,译为“在…之内”。 eg:I will be back in 3 hours. 他3小时以后回来。 He came back in 3 hours. 他在3小时以内就回来了。 |
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泛指在上午,下午或晚上。 eg: She seldom reads in the evening. I usually go to the market to buy vegetables in the morning. |
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at |
后接时间点,即在…点钟,时刻 eg: at six o’clock/ at noon/ at that time/ at the beginning of… |
on |
表示在具体的某一天。 eg: on my birthday/ on the following day/ on that day |
表示在具体某一天的上下午或晚上。 eg: on Sunday morning/ on the night of August 10/ on a sunny afternoon |
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during |
表示在某段时间内,某一动作自始至终地进行。 eg: During the meal we talked about the TV play. The shop was closed during the whole three months. |
for |
后接时间段,表示动作持续的时间。 表示延续到现在已经多长时间。 eg: They have lived in China for two years. 表示过去的某个动作持续过多久。 eg: They lived in China for two years. 表示某一动作将要持续多久。 eg: They will stay in China for two years. |
since |
译为自从,后接过去的时间点,表示某一动作自过去某时延续至今,做现在完成时的时间状语。 eg: I haven’t written home since Christmas. |
after |
after后接时间段,用于过去时。eg: They got married after a year. |
after后接时间点,用于将来时。eg:He will arrive after 3 o’clock. |
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by |
“不迟于某时”,包括某时在内。 eg: I will finish the work by Friday. (包括星期五) |
before |
“在某时之前”,不包括某时在内。 eg:I will finish the work before Friday. (不包括星期五) |
表示地点的介词 |
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on |
指在某物的表面上,与物体表面接触,反义词为beneath。 eg: A lovely cat is lying on the table. The ground beneath their feet is soft. |
in |
在…之上,暗示占去了某物的一部分。 eg: There is a hole in the wall. He is lying in bed. There is a bird in the tree. |
above |
指在物体的斜上方,反义词为below. eg: The plane flew above the clouds. The moon sank below the hills. |
over |
指在物体的垂直正上方,也有覆盖,越过之意。反义词为under. eg: I saw a stone bridge over the river. The thief climbed over the wall and ran away. He is hiding under the bed. |
方位介词 |
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between |
表示在两者之间。 eg: Let’s start out between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m. The little girl was sitting between her parents. |
among |
表示在三者或更多者之间。 eg: He was happy to be among the friends again. There was a village among the hills. |
through |
表示从内部穿过,即空间穿过。 eg: We walked through the forest. |
across |
表示从表面上通过,即平面穿过。 eg: He swam through the river. |
past |
表示从旁边经过。 eg: They drove past a big supermarket. |
over |
表示从上方跨过。 eg: The plane flew over the Great Wall. |
表示“除了…外” |
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except |
表示“除…之外(其他的都)”,其后的宾语是被排除在外的。 eg: All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom. |
besides |
表示“除…之外(其他的也)”,其后的宾语是被包括在内的。 eg:We need three more chairs besides these two. |
but |
指“除了…之外,什么也没有”,but 后的词是仅有或存在的内容,通常与nothing, nobody, no等否词连用。 eg: There is nothing but a desk in the room. |
except for |
指除去整体中不好的部分。 eg: All the buildings are excellent except for their location. |
表示工具,手段,材料 |
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with |
多指使用具体的工具或是身体部位。 eg: I cut the cake with a knife. We see with our eyes. |
in |
使用某种语言,或使用某种墨水。 eg: Can you sing it in Japanese? Don’t write these numbers in pencil. Write them in black ink. |
表示“关于”的介词 |
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about |
表示“有关,关于”,指内容较普通,通常涉及日常生产及生活等方面。eg: Tell him something about your trip. |
on |
表示“关于”,指严肃的,有研究性的,理论,专著等问题。 eg: This is a book on radio. |
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