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首页 > 高考总复习 > 高考知识点 > 英语高频考点 > 2020高考英语高频考点——做出推理和判断

2020高考英语高频考点——做出推理和判断

2020-02-19 10:43:11高考网整理



  2020高考即将开战,你准备好了吗?高考网小编为各位考生整理了一些高频考点,供大家参考阅读!

  考点1

  推断隐含意义

  推断隐含意义,即要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意的能力。此类题目的题干一般有三类:

  1.题干中含有infer(推断),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(推断出,得出结论)等动词。

  2.题干中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can,could,might,would等;或者含有其他表示可能性的词,如probably,most likely等。

  3.题干中并没有明确的表示推测的词语,但解题时需要针对文章某些细节进行推断,推断其背后的隐含意义。这类题目常见的设问形式有:

  What can we infer about ...?

  The first two paragraphs suggest that        .

  Which of the following statements does the passage support?

  How would the author feel about ...?

  What is special about ...?

  【典例1】

  (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇)..."Jazz seems like itis not really a part of the American appetite," Moran tells National Public Radiois reporter Neal Conan. "What I am hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. Itis actually color, and it is actually digital."Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. "The music can  not be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same," says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Walleris music for a dance party, "just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music," says Moran. "For me, itis the recontextualization.In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context," says Moran, "so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster."30.What can we infer about Moranis opinion on jazz?

  A. It will disappear gradually.

  B. It remains black and white.

  C. It should keep up with the times.

  D. It changes every 50 years.

  【解析】本题干的关键词是Moranis opinion on jazz,从文章中Moran所说的话可推断出答案。由选文第一段Moran所说的话中的"What I  am hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore"可知B项错误。由选文第二段Moran所说的话中的"The music can not be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same"可推知,爵士乐的呈现形式不能和1908年或1958年的一样,它必须与时俱进,这与C项一致。A项"爵士乐会逐渐消失"和D项"爵士乐每五十年改变一次"在文中均没有提及。C。

  【方法点津】做推理判断题要注意以下几点:

  (1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推断,切忌掺杂自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。

  (2)有些选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复,而非推断出来的结论。

  (3)注意文中的虚拟语气和情态动词,这些往往能流露出作者的弦外之音。

  (4)有时作者只是客观地叙述事实,并未做评论,考生阅读时如果主观地进行推断就容易出错。如文中提到一样东西贵,并不意味着就买不起。

  (5)某些细节看似在原文中出现过,但与原文不符,或断章取义,或因果倒置等。

  【典例2】

  (2017·全国卷Ⅱ·D篇)...Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There is a whole lot going on.35.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

  A. The word is changing faster than ever.

  B. People have stronger senses than before.

  C. The world is more complex than it seems.

  D. People in Darwin is time were more imaginative.officer

  【解析】要她解释那是什么,她说leg,然后那officer露出惊恐的表情,说了句"Pardon?"她很大声地重复说leg! 还特地在腿上比划了半天,说:leg啊,leg,就是leg啊。在国外,学生去厕所一般都要和office里的人报告,一次我去厕所时看到有个正在值班的白人大妈,她问我要干啥,我觉得说washroom太土了点,就对她说:Where is the bedroom? I need to pee.选段由一个长句和两个短句构成,所提供的信息很有限。由第一句可知,Charles Darwin在150多年前曾想象一个远比我们能看到和听到的更繁忙、更嘈杂、更亲密的世界;由第二句和第三句可知,我们的感知能力很弱,有很多事情正在发生。由此推知世界远比它显现出来的更加复杂。C。

  【典例3】

  (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.    ...24.What is unavoidable in the author is rescue work according to paragraph 1?

  A. Efforts made in vain.

  B. Getting injured in his work.

  C. Feeling uncertain about his future.

  D. Creatures forced out of their homes.

  【解析】根据选段第二句"Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain"可知,救助野生动物的工作有时让人悲伤,因为不能保证野生动物能存活下来,也就是说,救助野生动物的努力可能会白费。B项曲解文意,第二句提到了帮助受伤的野生动物,而不是说作者难免会在工作中受伤;C项曲解文意,第二句中的"survival is never certain"是说野生动物存活下来不能确定,而不是说作者对自己的未来不能确定;第二句提到了injured, displaced or sick creatures,但是并不是说野生动物被迫离开家园,故D项不正确。A。

  考点2

  对文章的内容进行预测与想象

  此类题目要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测和想象,一般难度较大。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构等,从而作出比较科学的预测。这类题目常见的设问形式有:

  What do you think will happen when/if...?

  At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write      .

  The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about      .

  Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?

  【典例4】

  (2017·安徽合肥二模) Bees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying very fast.The main purpose of keeping bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, is  not used for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Bees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives in the winter. They collect pollen(花粉) which supplies protein for young bees to grow.According to honey.com, the production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of pollination by bees have increased a lot. These insects are responsible for over 70 kinds of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, beans and broccoli(西兰花).So if they are so valuable to agriculture, why do they keep dying off? A key factor seems to be pesticides(杀虫剂). Bees who are exposed to pesticides suffer from the damage to their neurological(神经系统的) functions, specifically to their memory or behavior. And that is why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen bee, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen bee. There are several other causes to the decline of bees, including the destruction of natural habitat, like woodlands, forests and other habitats for bees. The climate change is also a factor in the decline of the bees  population.Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bees   population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee\|friendly plants. Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds.35.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

  A. Another way to save bees.

  B. Other tips for choosing seeds.

  C. More methods to plant green organic fruits.

  D. Causes of the decline of the bees  population.

  【解析】本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂在生物界起着重要的作用,但是杀虫剂的使用和其他一些因素,使得蜜蜂正在快速死亡,本文探讨了蜜蜂数量减少的原因并给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。第一段:开门见山,给出全文话题——蜜蜂在世界上起着重要的作用,但是蜜蜂在快速死亡。第二段:介绍了蜜蜂采集花粉、储藏蜂蜜的原因。第三段:蜜蜂对提高农作物的产量和质量有着重要的作用。第四段:杀虫剂的使用和其他一些因素使得大批蜂蜜正在死亡。第五段:介绍有多种方法可以帮助增加蜜蜂的数量。一种方法是种植有利于蜜蜂的植物来启动你自己的有机花园。第五段中的"One way"暗示下文将介绍其他能帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法。A。

  【方法点津】做这类题目时考生应通读全文,把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的顺序描写,也可能按因果关系、对比关系等来叙述)。作者往往在前文提出几个要解决或要说明的问题,或提出几种观点,然后在下文一一解释说明。因此,考生可在下文找出作者已经阐明的问题或观点,接下来文章将会如何发展便一目了然了。

  考点3

  推断人物性格

  此类题目考查考生对文章中出现的人物的性格进行分析和推断的能力。做此类题目时特别要注意人物说话时的语气,言谈举止中流露出的情绪、情感、性格倾向等,充分利用表达感情色彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语对人物性格进行推断。这类题目常见的设问形式有:

  Which of the following words can best describe...?

  Which word can be used to describe...?

  What is sb. like?

  What kind of person is...?

  【典例5】

  (2017·北京卷·A篇)It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two did not know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. "Paris is eyes rolled back," Taylor says. "She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency."It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, "Does anyone know CPR?"CPR is a life\|saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person is chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated.She didn?t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. "It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death," says Taylor.Taylor  is swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse...58.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?

  A. Enthusiastic and kind.

  B. Courageous and calm.

  C. Cooperative and generous.

  D. Ambitious and professional.

  【解析】根据第五段中的"But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. ‘It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,’ says Taylor"和第六段中的" Taylor  is swift action helped her teammates calm down"可知,面对紧急情况,Taylor不慌不乱,用所学的急救知识迅速帮助Paris,并用自己的举动感染队友,让她们镇静下来参与救助。由此可推断出,Taylor是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。B。

  【归纳概括】做此类题目除了要抓住文中描写人物的关键信息,还要掌握一些描写人物性格的形容词,尤其是生僻形容词。许多考生可能由于不认识单词而导致误选。以下描写人物性格类的词语需要加强记忆:

  adaptable 适应性强的

  aggressive 好斗的,有进取心的

  cooperative 有协作精神的

  cautious 谨慎的

  courageous 无畏的,勇敢的

  dependable 可靠的

  easy\going 随和的

  faithful 忠诚的

  industrious 勤奋的

  independent 独立的

  knowledgeable知识渊博的,有见识的

  modest 谦虚的

  narrow\|minded 气量小的,小心眼的

  out\|going 外向的

  professional 专业的,职业的

  strong\|minded有主见的,坚持己见的

  sensible 明智的,理智的

  straightforward 率直的,坦率的

  考点4

  推断文章出处或读者对象

  几乎所有题材的文章都可能涉及对文章出处、文章类别或读者对象的考查。文章出处推断题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来断定文章的出处和类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断作者写这篇文章主要是给谁看的,即作者预定的读者对象是什么人。这类题目常见的设问形式有:

  This passage would most likely be found in      .

  The passage is probably taken out of       .

  Where does this text probably come from?

  Who are the intended readers of the passage?

  【典例6】

  (2017·河北石家庄模拟)Among the international students in Canada who are struggling to find a job there after graduation, some eventually make it with relative ease. They are the ones who?ve already built up much internship (实习工作)experience while still attending university, as their majors offer co\|operative programs.Co\|operative programs, a feature (特色)of Canadian university programs, allow academic studies to be combined with work experience. During school years,students build up a network with employers,gain internship experience in relevant fields, and earn academic credits that count in their degrees or diplomas....31.Which section of a website does the text probably come from?

  A. Business.     B. Education.

  C. Lifestyle.     D. Culture.

  【解析】考查文章出处。由选段中的关键词students,job,graduation, university, academic studies, degrees和diplomas并结合选项可知,本文与教育相关,因此本文可能来自网站上的教育板块。B。

  【典例7】

  The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full is sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade\grown production to full\sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world is ecological balance. On a local level...Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full\sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life...Both locally and globally, the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology...It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.  But consumers do have a choice.  They can purchase shade  grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. Q:Where does this text probably come from?

  A.  An agricultural magazine.

  B.  A medical journal.

  C.  An engineering textbook.

  D.  A tourist guide.

  【解析】本文主要说明的是在阳光充足的环境中种植咖啡豆对环境造成的影响,文章主题与农业有关,由此可判断出本篇文章来自一本农业杂志。A。

  做文章出处类推理判断题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征,弄清楚文章的中心话题是什么,然后结合生活常识对其进行判断。比如上题,文章中说明的是在阳光充足的环境中种植咖啡豆对环境造成的影响,结合常识可知这一话题与农业有关,对比选项可知,此题应选A。考生要具备一定的常识,要对报纸、杂志、网络文章、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等的特点有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出最佳答案。如报纸的时效性强,或文章前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等;广告一般用于推销介绍新产品,其格式比较特殊,容易辨认;产品说明,如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称和使用方法,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等;网站文章中会出现网址或与其相关的词汇表达,如click;如果所读材料篇幅较短,语言通俗易懂且涉及景观,则可能出自旅游杂志或休闲杂志等。

  【典例8】

  (2017·江西省六校联考)This grand adventure through Costa Rica offers the perfect combination of luxury travel and thrilling encounters with the natural world. Travelers will visit the impressing Arenal Volcano, the magical Monteverde Cloud Forests, and the mysterious Manuel Antonio National Park.    ...23.This passage is intended for .

  A. English learners

  B. travelers liking adventures

  C. exchange students

  D. senior citizens

  【解析】读者对象推断题。根据文章内容,特别是选段中的第一句话"This grand adventure through Costa Rica offers the perfect combination of luxury travel and thrilling encounters with the natural world"可知,本文是向喜欢冒险的人介绍哥斯达黎加探险之旅。B。

  【方法点津】解答这类题目主要靠理解文章内容,也可以从作者的措词和语气上去判断。上文中的"offers the perfect combination of luxury travel and thrilling encounters with the natural world"含有推荐读者前往一游的意味,故可推断出此文的读者对象是爱冒险的旅行者。

  考点5

  推断篇章结构

  解答篇章结构题时,考生要能够把握文章的脉络,理解段落层次之间的关系,弄清作者的写作方法。英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想;主题句根据段落写作手法的不同可能出现在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用过渡句连接,起承上启下的作用,使文章行文连贯、逻辑严密。为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,如通过举例、类比等手法来阐明主题。这类题目常见的设问形式有:

  How is the passage organized?

  Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

  The author develops the passage mainly by        .

  This text is developed            .

  The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph...is            .

  【典例9】

  A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night is sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that "night milk" contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study,by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar\|free and additive\|free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.Q:How does the author support the theme of the text?

  A. By giving examples.

  B. By stating arguments.

  C. By explaining statistical data.

  D. By providing research results.

  【解析】这是一篇研究报告。文章指出在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶"night milk"含有大量的褪黑激素,能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。通读全文,由文中的"But now a study has found it...at night""Researchers have discovered that...reduce anxiety"和"Previous studies have also indicated that...to relax"可知,文中作者通过提供研究结果来支持文章的主题。D。

  【归纳概括】考生平时要掌握一些常见文体的基本写作手法,

  如:1.asking/raising questions:文中有多个问句。

  2.listing/giving examples:文中有明显的提示语,如for example,like that...

  3.making comparisons:主要描写对象为A,却先写与A相关的其他事物,并形成对比,借以突出A的特征。

  4.Using numbers/figures:文中出现多个数据用来说明问题。

  5.giving explanations:给出定义或解释。

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高考院校库(挑大学·选专业,一步到位!)

高考院校库(挑大学·选专业,一步到位!)

高校分数线

专业分数线

高考关键词