高考英语介词和代词考点讲解
2021-09-25 17:27:19高考网整理
高考英语介词和代词考点讲解
高频考点一、考查介词辨析
例1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。
【变式探究】(2017·北京)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】B
【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生,此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里,在这个行业里谋生,用in,故选B。
【变式探究】I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ________ a conversation with her.
【答案】on
【解析】句意:我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙,不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行,从事”,符合句意。
【变式探究】Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.
A. below B. on C. at D. above
【答案】D
【解析】句意:去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68度。With 的宾语global temperature ,宾语补足above the average。
高频考点二、考查介词短语辨析
例2. (2019·江苏卷)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A.in effect B.in command
C.in turn D.in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:有利的政策正在有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。in effect“有效”。
【举一反三】【2018·江苏】 China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;与...一致;B. in reply to答复;C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬;D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。
【变式探究】These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
A. in memory of B. in response to
C. in touch with D. in possession of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 意为纪念, B. in response to意为回应,C. in touch with意为联系,D. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。
高频考点三、考查介词或介词短语的用法
例3、(2019·天津卷)________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A.According to B.Instead of
C.In addition to D.In spite of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:尽管存在各种问题,但是其中的一些选手还是表现出色。A项意为“根据”;B项意为“代替”;C项意为“除……以外”;D项意为“尽管”。结合句意可知,应选D。
【举一反三】【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all
C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但他终究去了。A. at first起初;B. after all毕竟,终究。C. above all首先;D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选B。
【变式探究】(2017·江苏)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of
C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A. in contrast to对比,截然不同;B. in defense of为……辩护;C. in face of面对;D. in relation to与……有关。故选D。
【变式探究】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.
A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个年轻人是诚实的,有合作精神的,当你需要他的帮助的时候,总是在那里。简言之,他是可靠的。A.否则;B.简言之;C.顺便说一下;D.首先。故选B。
高频考点四 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析
例4.It's an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.
A.others B.either
C.another D.both
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定,应用not ... both,故选D。
【变式探究】I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
A.either B.any
C.each D.another
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市,根据转折词but可知,后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”,所以选A。
【变式探究】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.
A.some B.neither
C.none D.all
【答案】C
【解析】句意:虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病,但是她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知,此处表示“一点儿也不,一点儿也没有”,所以应用none。
高频考点五 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析
例5.Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
A.another B.the other
C.one another D.one
【答案】A
【解析】句意:回收是保护环境的一种方法;而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”;the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”;one another“相互”;one“一”。
【变式探究】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.
A.that B.one
C.ones D.those
【答案】A
【解析】句意:使黛拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了她的学生的信任,然后又获得了同事的信任。空后面的of her colleagues与前面的of her students是同样的结构,因此此空应该选择that来替代the trust,以避免重复。